The Reichstag Fire was a dramatic arson attack occurring on February 27, 1933, which burned the building that housed the Reichstag (German parliament) in Berlin. Claiming the fire was part of a Communist attempt to overthrow the government, the newly named Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler used the fire as an excuse to seize absolute power in Germany, paving the way for the rise of his Nazi regime.

HITLER’S RISE

By the late 1920s, Adolf Hitler and his Nationalist Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party were gaining strength due to growing popular dissatisfaction with the ruling Weimar Republic.

Germany’s economic woes in the early 1930s threw the government into further chaos, with President Paul von Hindenburg forced to replace several chancellors within a short time period. In late January 1933, hoping to make an alliance with the Nazis against more left-wing opponents, Hindenburg reluctantly asked Hitler to serve as chancellor.

With elections set for early March, the Nazis set about suppressing their political opposition. On February 4, Hitler’s cabinet issued the temporary Decree for the Protection of the German People, which restricted the German press and authorized the police to ban political meetings and marches.

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