Answer:
c. User applications usually communicate directly with a device driver.
Explanation:
A software can be defined as a set of executable instructions (codes) or collection of data that is used typically to instruct a computer on how to perform a specific task and solve a particular problem. Thus, it's a computer program or application that comprises of sets of code for performing specific tasks on the system.
The four (4) input-output (I/O) software layers includes the following;
I. Interrupt drivers (handlers): it is responsible for handling interruptions that occur while using a software on a computer system.
II. Device drivers: it controls the input-output (I/O) devices that are connected to a computer system through a wired or wireless connection.
III. Device-independent OS software: it allows for uniform interfacing and buffering for device drivers.
IV. User level software: it provides user programs with a simple user interface to perform input and output functions.
An operating system is a system software pre-installed on a computing device to manage or control software application, computer hardware and user processes.
This ultimately implies that, an operating system acts as an interface or intermediary between the computer end user and the hardware portion of the computer system (computer hardware) in the processing and execution of instructions.
Hence, user (software) applications make a request to the operating system (OS) to use a device and then the operating system (OS) communicates with the device driver.
In conclusion, user applications do not communicate directly with a device driver.
Answer:
The social costs of cellphone usage can be defined as a depreciation of social interactions.
Explanation:
Cellphones were invented in 1973 by Martin Cooper and they were designed with the purpose of offering a mobile way to communicate with others erasing the limitations that phones offered at that time.
However, today we are facing an era in which cellphones have gone way beyond the point of being just a portable device for phone calls. Social networks, cellphone gaming, chats, photographs, and all kind of apps with different services are just a glimpse of what cellphones offer now, making society somehow dependent on the device itself. Which unfortunately has led to less use of face to face communication, building some sort of barriers in which emotions and true meaning are easily disguised because is safer to simply express ourselves behind a cellphone, that is why society face bigger issues related to bullying and cyber bullying. People no longer truly know each other, simply replacing emotions with emojis and ideas with memes leading us to no longer understanding each other and what is worse, not caring about it.
You should provide more context
Class can be added to first to form a compound adjective
A compound adjective is a type of adjective formed when two or more adjectives are joined together.
An adjective qualifies a noun
Examples of compound adjectives
- First-class
- Four-foot
- Part-time
- Cold-blooded
First-class means something that is of the highest quality.
For example, The drink is first-class
It means that the drink is of the highest quality
To learn more about compound adjectives, please check: brainly.com/question/2985406?referrer=searchResults
