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Luba_88 [7]
3 years ago
10

The four nitrogenous bases are also referred to as

Biology
2 answers:
sattari [20]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

i believe the answer is 3

not positive though

Explanation:

LenKa [72]3 years ago
3 0
The answer is 3 I think
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Which hormone is secreted during periods of stress and is related to increased risk of disease?
gulaghasi [49]

Stress is a condition that tends to disturb the equilibrium of the individual with the environment. There are hormonal changes which occur during stress and have their impact in the endocrine system.

Reaction to stress is associated with increased hormone secretions of several hormones such as glucocorticoids, growth hormone, prolactin and catecholamine. The elevated levels of these hormones increase the risk of infections and also decrease the innate immunity as well as increase the autoimmune responses.

There are endocrine disorders related with the increased hormone secretion during stress conditions such as psychosexual dwarfism, obesity, Grave’s disease and gonadal dysfunction. The effect of increased secretion of the hormones is increase in mobilization of energy and adaption of the individual to current circumstances.

Activation of the pituitary adrenal axis is an important and dominant response due to stress. On stimulation of the pituitary adrenal axis results in hypothalamic secretion of the CRF (corticotrophin-releasing factor) which further stimulates the pituitary to ACTH, 3-endorphin and 8-lipotropin.

During stress, the plasma levels of these hormones increase up to five times.

The stimulation of the pituitary adrenal axis is also associated with the release of hormone catecholamine. The increased level of catecholamine leads to increased skeletal muscle flow of blood increased cardiac output and glucose levels, bronchiolar dilation, cutaneous vasoconstriction etc.

Acute stress releases vasopressin rapidly from the Para ventricular nucleus of hypothalamus together with corticotrophin releasing hormone.

During stress there is also suppression of gonadotropins and gonadal steroidal hormones which disrupt the normal menstrual cycle and prolonged stress can also lead to impairment of reproductive functions.

Thyroid functions are down regulated during stress conditions. T3 and T4 levels decrease whenever there is any stress condition.

The growth hormone level increases due to physical stress and prolactin level may increase or decrease depending on the conditions of regulatory environment locally.

4 0
3 years ago
Which of the following phase changes would release energy as it occurs?
bezimeni [28]


B evaporation because the partacals r moveing

 

6 0
3 years ago
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An excess of greenhouse gases is warming the oceans. Which of the following describes an effect of excess greenhouse gases?
Feliz [49]

Answer:

Melting of glaciers and ice sheets will cause coastlines to shrink and increase flooding.

5 0
1 year ago
Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. An individual experiences a mutation that changes a base
Georgia [21]

Answer:

The type of mutation responsible for changing a base in the mRNA strand, without changing the coding aminoacid or protein, is called a <u>silent</u> mutation.

Explanation:

In a silent mutation occurs the change of a nitrogenous base in one of the codons that encodes an aminoacid, without changing the aminoacid or altering the structure or function of the protein to be synthesized.

In this type of mutations the change of the base does not mean the change of the aminoacid, because some aminoacids can be coded with more than one codon. In the case of Leucine, the codons that encode it are CUU, CUC, CUG or CUA, so even if a base changes, the final protein will be the correct one.

For the other options:

  • <u><em>Missense</em></u><em>: the change of the base in the DNA chain implies the change of the codon in the mRNA and of the encoded aminoacid, in that way a structural and functional alteration of the synthesized protein occurs. </em>
  • <u><em>Nonsense</em></u><em>: the change in the nitrogenous base in the DNA leads to the coding of a termination codon, so that the protein is ultimately incomplete.</em>
  • <u><em>Insertion</em></u><em>: in this case there is the addition of more nitrogenous bases to the DNA chain, with respect to the original one.</em>
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3 years ago
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What is the source of energy for evaporation in the water cycle?
Gala2k [10]
The sun provides all the energy for evaporation.
4 0
3 years ago
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