Since each codon consist of 3 nucleotides, 4 cordons can be formed by 12 nucleotides. (but please make sure that you check this answer. I am not completely sure)
they conduct a literature review before formulating any hypothesis. carrying out a literature review involves utilizing research databases to look for research materials that cover or are related to a certain topic of interest. the scope of the study and subject matter will influence the selection of research materials. information in these material play a crucial role when scientist are formulating hypothesis.
Pure culture can be prepared from a mixture of cultures by using the streak plate method. This enables the bacterial cells to be diluted to obtain a pure culture after many-folds dilution.
Pure culture is the one in which only one species, strain or clone of bacteria are grown. The pure culture enables to scientists to study in detail about its anatomy, lifestyle and potential uses or harms, without the interference of any other microbe.
Streak-plate method is the most commonly used technique in microbiology labs to isolate a single type of bacteria. It is performed by creating the smears of bacteria in zig-zag motion to dilute its concentration.
To know more about pure culture, here
brainly.com/question/21512552
#SPJ4
Answer and Explanation:
Ribosomes are the primary structure for protein synthesis. They can be found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytosol.
Free ribosomes are not attached to any cytoplasmic structure or organelle. They synthesize proteins only for internal cell use. Other ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and they are in charge of synthesizing membrane proteins or exportation proteins. Free and attached ribosomes are identical and they can alternate their location. This means that although free ribosomes are floating in the cytosol, eventually, they can get attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Synthesis of proteins that are destined to membrane or exportation starts in the cytoplasm with the production of a molecule portion known as a <u>signal aminoacidic sequence</u>. This signal sequence varies between 13 and 36 amino acids, is located in the <u>amino extreme</u> of the synthesizing protein, and when it reaches a certain length, it meets the <u>signal recognizing particle</u>. This particle joins the signal sequence of the protein and leads the synthesizing protein and associated ribosome to a specific region in the Rough endoplasmic reticulum where it continues the protein building. When they reach the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, the signal recognizing particle links to a receptor associated with a pore. Meanwhile, the ribosome keeps synthesizing the protein, and the enlarged polypeptidic chain goes forward the reticulum lumen through the pore. While this is happening, another enzyme cuts the signal sequence, an action that requires energy from the ATP hydrolysis. When the new protein synthesis is complete, the polypeptide is released into the reticulum lumen. Here it also happens the protein folding (which is possible by the formation of disulfide bridges of proteins are formed) and the initial stages of glycosylation (the oligosaccharide addition).
Once membrane proteins are folded in the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum, they are packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi complex, where it occurs the final association of carbohydrates with proteins. The Golgi complex sends proteins to their different destinies. Proteins destined to a certain place are packaged all together in the same vesicle and sent to the target organelle. In the case of membrane proteins, they are packaged in vesicles and sent to the cell membrane where they get incrusted.
There are certain signal sequences in the <u>carboxy-terminal extreme</u> of the protein that plays an important role during the transport of membrane proteins. A signal as simple as one amino acid in the c-terminal extreme is responsible for the correct transport of the molecule through the whole traject until it reaches the membrane.
Answer:
1. Muscle: soft, contractile tissue important to produce force and motion in animals.
2. Fascicle: multiple bundles of skeletal muscle fibres which is surrounded by a type of connective tissue called perimysium.
3. Muscle fibres: bundles of cylindrical organelles myofibrils formed by the fusion of myoblasts via myogenesis process.
4. Myo-fibril: basic unit of a muscle cell made of thick and thin myofilament arranged in parallel columns along the length of muscle fibres.
5. Myo-filament: strands of actin and myosin proteins which pack a muscle fiber and are force generating structures.
Explanation:
