Mutations result either from errors in DNA replication or from the damaging effects of mutagens, such as chemicals and radiation, which react with DNA and change the structures of individual nucleotides. All cells possess DNA-repair enzymes that attempt to minimize the number of mutations that occur
Answer:
1) By 11:30pm
2) Shortly before midnight (few minutes to 12:00am)
Explanation:
Since the strain of bacteria takes 1 minute to divide (double its population), and by midnight (12:00am) the entire bottle becomes full, then:
I) Subtract Initial division time from Final division time i.e 12:00 - 11:00 = 1 hour
II) Split 1 hour into two (60minutes makes 1 hour)
I hour/2 = 30 minutes
Definitely, the bottle will be half filled by 11:30pm
2) Once half filled, the rapidly dividing cells reach for the top of the bottle as midnight approaches. By 11:50pm upwards, bottle space must have been running out
Answer:
The models are missing in the question. The models along with the question is provided in the attachment below.
The answer is : Model A represents the Plasma membrane.
Explanation:
According to the question, model A represents the plasma membrane. The reasons are :
(a). In the model A, the bilayers consists of two leaflets of the amphipathic lipid molecules. Here the polar head groups is in contact with the intra cellular or the extra cellular non aqueous phase, where the non polar tails are facing each other constituting the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
(b). Lipid are not rigid as well as static structure. In the lipid bilayer, the lipid molecule are able to rotate around their axis freely and diffuse laterally with each leaflet.
(c). The plasma membrane acts as the selective plasma membrane.
Exothermic because it’s going away