Ziggurats, are the temples of the Sumerian States.
Tycho Brahe
1609
Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630), a student of Tycho Brahe, publishes Astronomia Nova (New Astronomy), which contain his first two laws of planetary motion. Kepler's first law assumes that Mars has an elliptical orbit, which was a revolutionary idea at the time. Until then, the classical belief held that a circle was perfect, and therefore all orbits must be circular.
1609
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) observes Mars with a primitive telescope, becoming the first person to use it for astronomical purposes.
1659
The Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695) draws Mars using an advanced telescope of his own design. He records a large, dark spot on Mars, probably Syrtis Major. He notices that the spot returns to the same position at the same time the next day, and calculates that Mars has a 24 hour period.
1666
Giovanni Cassini (1625 - 1712) observes Mars and determines that the rotational period, or length of one Mars day is 24h, 40m.
1672
Huygens is the first to notice a white spot at the south pole, probably the southern polar cap.
1698
Huygens publishes Cosmotheros, which discusses what is required of a planet to support life, and speculates about intelligent extraterrestrials. This is one of the first published expositions of extraterrestrial life.
Historical Perspective...
The Trial of Galileo
The 1600s were not an easy time in which to study science. The church was a powerful institution and had its own ideas about the nature of the universe. Galileo was a beliver in the Copernican theory that the solar system revolves around the sun. He was advised by Cardinal Bellarmino to be cautious and not to imply the the Copernican theory were real. He published a book, Siderius Nuncius (Starry Messenger) which was considered controversial and in opposition with the ideas of the Roman Catholic Church, and was arrested and tried in the Inquisition. Galileo was found guilty of heresy and was sentenced to life imprisonment and forced to recant. In secret, he wrote another book, which was smuggled out of the country and published in France. His work is now considered the foundation of modern physics.
Answer:
<h3>Patent Medicines.</h3>
Explanation:
During the mid 19th century, the dependency of alcohol and drug content medicines became very popular in the U.S. Many medicines were mixed with morphine, opium, or cocaine in large quantities. Often high in alcoholic and drug content, these medicines became very popular with those who found this remedy to be curative for almost every diseases.
However, some physicians and medical groups were skeptical of these patent medicines and remedies. Most of them argued that these remedies did not cure any illnesses but instead caused alcohol and drug dependency.
This made the law makers to implement laws instructing the manufacturers to disclose the ingredients and contents in remedies and medicines. With support from President Theodore Roosevelt, a Pure Food and Drug Act was passed by Congress in 1906. It paved the way for public health concern against unlabeled or unsafe ingredients in medicines.
Answer:
D: A drop in prices due to a decrease in the supply of money.
Have a good day!
Answer:
suffered losses so heavy that he could no longer mount an effective defense
Explanation:
Battle of Gettysburg is part of the many battles between the Confederates (Army of Northern Virginia) and the Union (Army of Potomac) during the American Civil War, which occurred between July 1 - 3 in 1863. In this battle, General Robert E. Lee suffered losses so heavy ( with total casualties estimated to be in the region of 23,000 - 28,000) that he could no longer mount an effective defense. He later asked to be replaced by the Confederates president Jefferson Davis.
