In my view, the following two have been proven to occur:
Vengeance of a majority population, which is oppressed and brutalized by a wealthy minority. Eventually, the majority population manages to somehow break free, and retaliates by killing all members of the former dominant minority. Two examples have been confirmed to occur:
• The genocide of white Haitians in the aftermath of the Haitian Revolution. The black slaves in Haiti were oppressed for centuries by the French slave masters. At the end of the 17th century, ion the wake of the French Revolution, they were able to rebel and seize power. France sent an army that committed several atrocities and was ultimately defeated. The black leaders decided to annihilate the French white population and killed all 5,000 of them, effectively wiping them out.
• The Genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994. Indeed, the Tutsi minority had been the dominant ethnic group in Rwanda since the 18th century; and when the country was colonized by the French and the Belgian, the Tutsis remained the dominant elite. The Hutu majority resented this and hen the country became independent in the early sixties they removed the Tutsis from power. They had several civil wars and conflicts until 1994 when the airplane of the Hutu president was blown up in the air. The Hutus blamed Tutsi guerrillas and then went on to exterminate one million Tutsis in the course of two months.
The second factor would be the invasion of a country whose majority opposes it. Two examples have been proven to occur:
• Islamic Invasion of India by the medieval Muslim invaders. Muslim warlords started raiding and invading India from the 8th century onwards. One of the worst was Timur Lang who once killed 100,000 people in a single campaign. The number of death between the beginning of the invasions and their end, around the 16th century has been estimated to be between 80 to 400 million.
• Another example is Armenia. The country was invaded in the Middle Ages by Muslim Turks and they were colonized and occupied for centuries by them. In 1915 over a million and a half Armenians were exterminated by the Ottoman Turks.
It is probably more nearly correct to state that the Northern states offered more fertile soil for industrialization to grow and prosper than the South. The comments above about slavery are misstated. The Southern economy was indeed agrarian and dependent upon slave labor; however the reason for this is was that the economy in that portion of the country consisted of large scale plantations of staple crops, primarily cotton. It is manifestly incorrect to state that immigrants did not want to move to a slave society. Immigrants to this country came from agrarian economies, and would have preferred to continue that practice, however there was no available land in the South. It was under no circumstances a moral value judgment as the above answer alludes; they remained in large cities and worked in factories because they had no choice.
Slaves were in fact used for occasional factory work, including but not limited to the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond, Va. Slaves also worked as blacksmiths, shipwrights, gin operators, carpenters, etc. The law of supply and demand , however, dictated that they were primarily used as plantation labor, not factory workers.
Industrialization was possible in the South, and it was indeed industrialized after Reconstruction, yet most of the workers were white; hardly any were former slaves.
Bottom line: industrialization came to the North because the North's climate, geography, etc. did not lend itself to large scale agriculture. Also, the North had an abundance of navigable streams which were absent in the South. The South was more suitable for large scale agriculture, and its economy developed in that fashion. Slavery was a necessary element in maintaining that economy; but it was not a value judgment.
The correct answer is C. foreign dignitaries.
The Supreme Court is the most powerful court in the United States - it makes decisions that all other courts don't have the jurisdiction to make. Original jurisdiction means that a court hears a certain case first, without going through lower courts up to higher courts. So, the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction involves cases where foreign dignitaries are involved (foreign diplomats, ambassadors, etc.) and those in which a state is a party.
Teddy Roosevelt, Progressive, 1912 (88 Electoral votes)
In the 1912 U.S. Presidential elections, former President Teddy Roosevelt emerged as the most successful third party presidential candidate in the history of the country when he bagged 88 Electoral votes and 27% of the popular vote in the election on behalf of the Progressive Party of the United States. The party was formed by Roosevelt himself when he failed to receive the nomination from the Republican Party in the 1912 Elections. However, Roosevelt lost, and the election was won by the Democratic Party's nominee, Woodrow Wilson, who went on to become the 28th President of the United States. The 1912 Presidential elections were unique in the fact that this was the last election where a candidate who was neither Republican nor Democrat came second in the election. This occurred as Teddy Roosevelt defeated Republican William Howard Taft and Socialist Eugene Debs.
