Hello.
One literary device, which is more often associated as a philosophical device, is the dialectic<span>. This involves the discussion of a concept and its opposite. Another way of thinking of it is that dialectic involves a contradiction (X and its opposite) and a possible solution, balance, or synthesis (combination of X and its opposite)
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The first answer is incaple of during his math homework
Your answer is Bob Cratchit
The answer is: figure out meaning based on what you already know and what the text says
To infer something from the passage, you need to read it and able to understand the meaning of the passage without actually put too much focus on the passage.
Passage inference could be considered as a reading skills. This usually tested when you do an SAT test to measure how much information you can gather from reading a certain text within a short period of time.