The range of ratio which can be used to indicate that a gene was not expressed in the cancerous tissue but was expressed in the healthy tissue is 0.5 - 0.0625. Microarray is a technique that is used to measure the differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. The method measures the amount of mRNA for genes that are present in a sample and compare the results between healthy and cancerous cells. A value of less than 1 indicates that the genes from the microarray are more active in normal cells.
The border between the
transparent edge of the cornea and the white of the fibrous sclera is the limbus.
The limbus contains clusters of limbal stem cells that help to maintain the corneal
epithelium and to regulate corneal transparency and vision throughout life. The
limbus also acts as a boundary that protects the conjunctiva and its blood
vessels.
According to the question, mating between two populations of Rhagoletis produce hybrid flies.
This means that the two population is present in the same habitat or locality, hence they are capable of coming in contact with each other and mate. Hence, the answer cannot be Habitat Isolation.
Mating produces hybrid flies. This is possible when the gametes (egg and sperm) of the two different populations are capable of capable of coming close to each other and undergoing fusion (fertilization). Hence, there is no Mechanical Isolation.
The zygote formed by the above fertilization is capable of developing into healthy hybrid flies with normal life span. Hence, Pre-zygotic Isolation is absent.
But the hybrid flies formed are sterile and not fertile, that is, they are incapable of producing viable gametes which can undergo fertilization and produce a new offspring.Therefore, the eggs laid by the hybrid flies hatch less often. Hence, there is existence of Reduced hybrid fertility.
