Answer:
The correct answer is 4.ecosystem.
Explanation:
An ecosystem is a system, that is, a set of elements that interact with each other, in which such elements are: physical environment, living beings and their interactions (predator-prey, parasite-host, competition, symbiosis, pollination, distribution of seeds , etc.) The interrelation between living beings (competition, parasitism, etc.) occurs through cycles of matter and energy flows on which the functioning of the entire ecosystem depends.
No genetic or physical maps of the genome are needed to begin shotgun cloning and is much faster.
<h3>What is Shotgun cloning?</h3>
This is a method to duplicate genomic DNA in which it is smashed into small pieces and the fragments are then taken together and cloned into a vector.
This type of cloning however is faster as there are no genetic or physical maps needed to begin the process.
Read more about Cloning here brainly.com/question/1070693
Lac genes are most effectively expressed in presence of Lactose and its analogs when glucose is absent.
Explanation:
A unit of prokaryotic gene expression and regulation,which includes structural genes and regulatory sequences recognized by regulatory gene product is called operon.
<em>Lac </em>structural genes are a part of<em> Lac</em> operon. The <em>Lac </em>operon consists of three, structural genes,an operator and a promoter.The product of Lac operon is involved in the conversion of disaccharide lactose into glucose and Galactose.
Lactose and its analogs are inducers of<em> Lac </em>operon. So, the structural genes are best expressed in presence of Lactose. Glucose and galactose are repressors of lac gene so the genes are repressed in presence of glucose.
Go online and look up ressesive and dominate Gene's and Gregory Mendel he crossbreed plants such as what you have described and have found some interesting results that do include your red and white crossbreeding to create pink. this is usually called a Punnet Square.
dominate gene
Red = R
White = W
recessive gene
Red=r
White = w
pink is either a mixture of recessive and dominant Gene's or one dominant and one recessive
Answer:
Neutrophils help fight infections because they ingest microorganisms and secrete enzymes that destroy them. A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell, a type of granulocyte and a type of phagocyte.
Explanation:
Neutrophils display adhesion glycoproteins on their surface to bind endothelial and subendothelial structures. They move randomly until they find a damaged site. Unless neutrophils are activated, endothelial cells do not tend to adhere. When inflammation mediators (IL-1, FNT) activate endothelial cells, they express P-selectin and E-selectin on the surface. The expression of glycoproteins and L-selectin cause the initial adhesion of the non-stimulated neutrophil to the activated endothelium, slowing it down by rolling it over the endothelium. Activated endothelial cells, opsonized particles, immune complexes, FEC-G, FEC-GM and chemoattractants produce factors that stimulate neutrophil activation. Expressing β2 integrin (endothelium adhesion molecule) Neutrophils expand and form pseudopods. Neutrophil activation also promotes degranulation, superoxide generation, and arachidonate metabolite production.
