I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is the first option. Republican President James Garfield was opposed to the spoils system. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day. Feel free to ask more questions.
Grant and Hayes had both promoted a civil service reform, and by 1881, civil service reform associations had established across the United States. James Abram Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, sympathized with them, understanding that the spoils system damaged the presidency and were a distraction from more important concerns.
Colonial Vulnerability can be seen in the images of ~ wild savages attacking helpless colonists ~ colonists suffering from awful diseases and starvation ~ inhospitable places
It was primarily "the recognition of treaty rights" and "Native American self-government" that prompted the Native American Civil Rights Movement, since many Natives were not being respected at all by the US government.
