Antibiotics forever changed how we treat infections. However, it has also brought along another problem: antibiotic resistants.
Answer: A. Geological processes continue over millions of years.
A swamp is a wetland which exhibit the growth of vegetation. It consist of vegetation which is being dominated by trees. When these trees die, the wooden parts sank below the water. The wood remains being deposited at the bottom of the water body causes the formation of coal. Coal formation results due to the wood being compressed and buried. It takes millions of years for the transformation of wood into coal in the geosphere of the swamp region.
Hence, formation of coal is a geological process and it takes millions of years for it's formation.
Answer:
Translocation
Explanation:
Changes in chromosome include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.
- Deletion occurs when an end of a chromosome breaks off.
- Duplication is the presence of a chromosome segment more than once in the same chromosome.
- Translocation is when a fragment of chromosomal breakage join a nonhomologous chromosome.
- Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes.
- Robertsonian translocation occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes get attached, meaning that given two healthy pairs of chromosomes, one of each pair "sticks" together.
Recombination is the method by which organisms can randomly assort their genotypes amongst each other to create offspring with a different haplotype than either of its parents. This can be done by either copying sequences from one homologous chromosome to another (no physical exchange) or crossing over (physical exchange.
Crossing over is a mechanism in eukaryotes by which recombination can occur, in which the two homologous chromosomes contributed by both parents literally cross over and break at certain points to exchange certain sections of the chromosomes amongst each together.
Self fertilizing organisms typically do not produce offspring that are genetically identical. However, this has an inbreeding effect on its offspring, since it is recombining from the same genotype and so has a higher chance of producing homozygous offspring. This is very detrimental for mammals and some eukaryotes, but in some other organisms such as bacteria, homozygosity is typically not an issue.
Haploid cells! Hope this helps :)
