The term "people of the book", is a term Muslims used to label Christians, Sabians, and Jews.
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The Carolingian Empire weakened after the death of Charlemagne. The empire was divided into three parts, ruled by Charlemagne's grandsons. The middle of the three kingdoms was weak and was absorbed by the eastern and western kingdoms. These two kingdoms would emerge as the modern countries of France and Germany.
Answer:
Here is the link https://www.jstor.org/stable/3331052
Explanation: