The main cause of Portugal and Spain to begin the Age of
Discovery (Age of Exploration) in XV century
is search for the new trade route to spice-laden East due to fall of Orthodox
Christian Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire. Old trade routes being
shuttered was great damage for Iberian merchants.
Answer:
Yes, In his masterpiece The Prince Machiavelli speaks of some wise, practical and also controversial qualities of a good ruler. The qualities he urges a ruler to practice are quite new ,but very effective. At first, it seems that Machiavelli is not much concerned with morality or religious values and his theory has no particular ends. In fact, Machiavelli is not motivated by any religious consideration and thus does not give emphasis on moral ends. But Machiavelli speaks of three ends, which every ruler should aim at. They are to gain power, to retain power and to extend power.
D. This is most apparent during Hitler's reign and the Holocaust; where Jews were the main target to eliminate to create the Aryan race. There was not a more harshly treated religion at the time.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Alps and the Pyrenees, France has long provided a geographic, economic, and linguistic bridge joining northern and southern Europe. It is Europe's most important agricultural producer and one of the world's leading industrial powers.
Metternich, the foreign minister of Austria, had three goals at the congress: first, he wanted to prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries. He accomplished his first goal by making the countries around France stronger
