Scientific ideas from the scientific revolution and political ideas from the enlightenment led to a period of social upheaval and b) violent change
the answer is c. I actually just finished studying this. good luck
This passage we can say is a direct response the critique of indulgences raised by the Protestant reform.
In other words this could be a direct answer to Martin Luther and his 95 thesis, in which the selling of the indulgences, that is the forgiveness of sins in exchange of money, was the main issue. The Church states that the Christ himself gave the right to them to sell the indulgences and that that is the time-honored tradition.
In 1787, George Washington was persuaded to attend the Constitutional Convention and subsequently was unanimously elected its president.