For #3, students may not have any incentive to actually do the work if they knew that there would be no grade and therefore no consequence for not doing it
Answer: Yes and it should.
Explanation: If the elephants have no safe enviornment to inhabit, there is no point in protecting the elephants. The elephants need just as much protection as their enviornment.
Answer: A) evidential support, such as facts, figures, and statistics.
Explanation: an argument or claim is a statement assertion that something is true. A counterclaim is a statement or an idea that refutes the claim. In the given paragraphs the claim is that the lack of health insurans is a financial burden, to support this claim the author uses evidential support, such as facts, figures, and statistics (for example: "The cost of poor health among uninsured people was almost $125 billion in 2004", "almost 50% of personal bankruptcy filings are due to medical expenses," etc).