They may have different phenotypes because of differences in their environments, such as nutrition and healthcare.
The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
It measures the oceans depth!
You have a population in hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the m and n alleles. These alleles are codominant. Allele frequency of m is 0. 4. 0.48 is the frequency of heterozygotes in the population.
An allele frequency has been computed by dividing the total quantity of copies of each of the alleles at that specific genetic location in the population by the number of points of time the allele of interest has been observed in a population.
The frequency of each genotype is typically calculated by dividing the population's total count of individuals by the number of people who have that genotype.
To learn more about hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
brainly.com/question/14665912
#SPJ4
Most of the marine animals have a stream lined body, which means, they have a sharp and pointed at the front. The pointed front of the organism allow to cut the resistance of the water. In case, the body is not pointed at the front and it is blunt, the water current and flow would resist the movement of the organism further. So, for the locomotion purpose, it is important to have a streamlined body. Further smooth and hair less body also decrease the resistance during the movement in the water.
