Nicotine on direct application in humans causes irritation and burning sensation in the mouth and throat, increased salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Predominant immediate effects consist of increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Nicotine also causes an increase in plasma free fatty acids, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood. There is reduced coronary blood flow but an increased skeletal muscle blood flow. The increased rate of respiration causes hypothermia, a hypercoagulable state, decreases skin temperature, and increases the blood viscosity.
For amphetamine the immediate effects are quicker reaction times, feelings of energy/wakefulness, excitement, increased attentiveness and concentration, feelings of euphoria. Side effects of amphetamines can include heart palpitations, dry mouth, headache, hostility, nausea, cognitive impairment, severe anxiety, lack of appetite, teeth grinding, dizziness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, rapid breathing rate, hypertension (high blood pressure), increased body temperature, erectile dysfunction, irregular heartbeat.
Cocaine causes a short-lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug the side effects are Loss of appetite increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, contracted blood vessels increased rate of breathing, dilated pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, hyperstimulation, bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin, intense euphoria, anxiety and paranoia, depression, intense drug craving, panic and psychosis, convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Assuming that this question makes reference to the survivability of the two moth variations, we can confirm that the brown-colored moth will be better adapted to survive in the winter months.
<h3>Why are the brown moths more likely to survive?</h3>
This has to do with their ability to better hide from predators. As described in the question, their primary predator are birds that hunt them while resting on the tree bark. This means that the white-colored moths will stand out against the dark tree bark and be easier prey for the birds. This will eventually lead to all the moths in the area being brown-colored through the process of natural selection.
Therefore, we can confirm that the brown-colored moth will be better adapted to survive in the winter months due to their ability to hide from predators.
To learn more about natural selection visit:
brainly.com/question/9830102?referrer=searchResults
The most common organisms with exoskeletons are arthropods which include insects (bees, ants), arachnids (spiders) and crustaceans (lobsters and crabs).
Assuming that this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can sayt that <em>the</em><em> probability</em><em> that, given enough time, all tigers in the population will have horizontal stripes is</em><em> 30% = 0.3.</em>
--------------------------
<u>Available data:</u>
- Population size, N = 100 tigers
- Number of Tigers with horizontal stripes = 30
- Horizontal stripes is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation.
We need to know the probability that all tigers in the population will have horizontal stripes, which is the recessive phenotype.
We assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, so there should be no evolution.
Since the population is in H-W equilibrium, the allelic, genotypic and phenotypic frequencies will remain the same generation after generation.
Now, we will calculate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of horizontal striped individuals in the population.
There are 100 individuals, and only 30 have horizontal stripes.
So, the phenotypic frequency, F(HS) is 30/100 = 0.3 = 30%
Since this is a recessive phenotype, this value equals the genotypic frequency, F(hh) = 30%
Finally, we can get the allelic frequency by taking the square root of this value.
F(hh) = q² = 0.3
f(h) = q = √0.3 = 0.55 = 55%
According to these calcs, the probability for the fixation of the recessive allele is 55%, and the probability that all individuals express the recessive horizontal stripes phenotype is 30%.
--------------------------
You can learn more about Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
brainly.com/question/12724120?referrer=searchResults
brainly.com/question/9870841?referrer=searchResults
brainly.com/question/419732?referrer=searchResults
brainly.com/question/13603001?referrer=searchResults
brainly.com/question/5028378?referrer=searchResults
