She discovered that folate was crucial to sperm development. <span>It has been found that folate may have been the driving force behind the evolution of darker skin, factors such as clothing and climate affect the evolution of skin pigment. </span>
Small proteins released from tissue cells infected with viruses, as well as from activated lymphocytes and macrophages, are called Interferons
<h3>What are Interferons ?</h3>
A collection of signalling proteins known as interferons are produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of certain viruses. Typically, a virus-infected cell will release interferons, boosting the antiviral defences of neighbouring cells.
- They are released by infected cells, where they trigger the innate immune system's production of cytokines as well as natural killer cell activity and antigen presentation.
- By establishing cytokine barriers, interferons shield uninfected cells from subsequent viral infections. Additionally, they prevent cellular division and control the organism's immune response.
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<span>Addition of an enzyme, for example amylase will increase the rate at which the starch is broken down into glucose. Amylase functions by rupturing the disaccharide bonds between glucose molecules releasing these into solution. If iodine had been added as an indicator of the presense of starch, the color will fade from brown to very light in a short time.</span>
Answer:
Pollination is an external process. Pollination agents are wind, water, birds, insects, and other animals. Fertilization takes place by growing pollen tube which enters the ovule. External factors are required
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