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The mechanisms of reproductive isolation prevent the reproduction of two individuals from different species. The prezygotic mechanisms disrupt the stages of reproduction before the forming of the zygote or prevent the mating at the start, and the postzygotic mechanisms affect the stages of reproduction after the forming of the zygote.
So, the first and the third example (the urchins and the grasshoppers) show the prezygotic mechanism, as the two individuals are not able to mate or form a zygote.
The second and the fourth example ( zonkey and the death of a zygote) show the working of the postzygotic mechanisms, as the zygote is formed, but it seems to be inviable, and the zonkeys are sterile, preventing the individual to reproduce.
Answer: Membrane transport proteins are specific and selective for the molecules they move, and they often use energy to catalyze passage. Also, these proteins transport some nutrients against the concentration gradient, which requires additional energy.
Explanation:
Answer:
The vagus nerve has two bunches of sensory nerve cell bodies, and it connects the brain stem to the body. It allows the brain to monitor and receive information about several of the body’s different functions.
Explanation:
The vagus nerve is the longest and most complex of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emanate from the brain. It transmits information to or from the surface of the brain to tissues and organs elsewhere in the body.
There are multiple nervous system functions provided by the vagus nerve and its related parts. The vagus nerve functions contribute to the autonomic nervous system, which consists of the parasympathetic and sympathetic parts
The vagus nerve has a number of different functions. The four key functions of the vagus nerve are:
-Sensory: From the throat, heart, lungs, and abdomen.
-Special sensory: Provides taste sensation behind the tongue.
-Motor: Provides movement functions for the muscles in the neck responsible for swallowing and speech.
-Parasympathetic: Responsible for the digestive tract, respiration, and heart rate functioning.
