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Nineteenth Century - Belgium had a colony in Africa: the belgian Congo. The Belgian leadership treated the native people of the Congo in an extremely brutal manner, most people were essentially slaves. Some workers were mutilated if they did not meet certain quotas, or if they "misbehaved".
Twentieth Century - France and Britain came to dominate several areas in the Middle East after the Ottoman Empire collapsed. The French Mandate in particular, created the countries of Syria and the Lebanon.
The problem was that the borders of these countries were created without regard for ethnic and religious differences.
For this reason, modern Syria and Lebanon are very conflictive countries (Syria is in a civil war, Lebanon had a civil war from 1975 to 1990) because of that.
Twenty-first century - The United States invaded Iraq in 2003 under the false claim that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction hidden in its territory. While the U.S. army managed to depose the former dictator, Sadam Hussein, the invasion caused the deaths of thousands of American Soldiers and Iraqi citizens, and Iraq continues to be a unstable country up to this day.
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The victory at Yorktown was among the most significant battles of the American Revolution because it concluded the war and the colonists came out victorious.
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Rome was able to gain its empire in large part by extending some form of citizenship to many of the people it conquered. Military expansion drove economic development, bringing enslaved people and loot back to Rome, which in turn transformed the city of Rome and Roman culture.
