Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. 
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I want to say individuals more so than entire populations. That being said it's because the entire populations of living things are able to evolve and move forward through slow evolution.
        
             
        
        
        
Yes because I think that more-complex cells need the chromosomes for help
        
             
        
        
        
They basically do most of the work in the cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. (made up of thousands of smaller units called amino acids)