A pair of lowercase letters represents a recessive gene.
For further clarification, if needed... If the punnett square was for dark hair being dominant over blonde hair, the offspring that was represented by two lowercase letters in a punnett square would have a phenotype of blonde hair.
Answer:
okay...... where is the question
Given
P(1,-3); P'(-3,1)
Q(3,-2);Q'(-2,3)
R(3,-3);R'(-3,3)
S(2,-4);S'(-4,2)
By observing the relationship between P and P', Q and Q',.... we note that
(x,y)->(y,x) which corresponds to a single reflection about the line y=x.
Alternatively, the same result may be obtained by first reflecting about the x-axis, then a positive (clockwise) rotation of 90 degrees, as follows:
Sx(x,y)->(x,-y) [ reflection about x-axis ]
R90(x,y)->(-y,x) [ positive rotation of 90 degrees ]
combined or composite transformation
R90. Sx (x,y)-> R90(x,-y) -> (y,x)
Similarly similar composite transformation may be obtained by a reflection about the y-axis, followed by a rotation of -90 (or 270) degrees, as follows:
Sy(x,y)->(-x,y)
R270(x,y)->(y,-x)
=>
R270.Sy(x,y)->R270(-x,y)->(y,x)
So in summary, three ways have been presented to make the required transformation, two of which are composite transformations (sequence).
