A claim is the argument you make in an argumentative essay, whereas a thesis is more of an idea (or a way you present your ideas) in an expository essay.
Hope this helps a lot! :)
The sentence that you can insert in the blank is D) Waiting for Godot was in danger of closing the first week of its run and of becoming nothing more than a footnote in the annals of the English stage.
This answer is showing us a contrast of ideas an in the next paragraph we have the contrast connector "HOwever" which makes the story have a perfect flow with that sentence.
The other options are not correct because they don't cover that contrast element as option D does.
Macbeth’s character consistently is revealed as valiant in battle. As of macbeth’s . Lady Macbeth says macbeth is to full of the milk of human kindness to catch the neareast way.
I would reform this (maintaining the same basic phrasing) into: "Although designing shoes is hard work, it will pay off in the end." Or, one could write "Designing shoes is hard work; however, it will pay off in the end." If you have questions, or think my answer flawed, please notify me!