James Madison was a federalist leader. The need for a Bill of Rights did not convince him. He thought that governments were capable of securing freedoms without the need for a federal mandate imposed. He was worried about the problems that a document, that at first seemed unnecessary, could cause, and so he tried to appeal to the anti-federalists to give up this effort to write it.
But the debate grew tension between federalists and anti-federalists as well. Madison thought that suppressing a Bill of Rights from the Constitution could lead the anti-federalists to abandon the drafting effort altogether, and when he saw that his goal of building a form of self-government was in danger, he put aside the disagreements he had with the anti-federalists.
Madison thus becomes an advocate of the Bill of Rights, arguing that he would not only educate people about their rights, but would also be a vehicle to protect them from future oppressive governments.
In Ava DuVernay's movie "Selma", four little Negro girls were included, they died violently in the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing in Birmingham, Ala. The movie "Selma" chronicles the Voting Rights Act campaign and communicates the terror of racist violence and is history as a horror movie.
It would be the eight amendment
The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal, state, and local governments of the United States, or any other government, or any corporation, private enterprise, group, or individual, from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
