What they said ...........
He interviewed explorers and propagandized their stories in a popular book.
It's the second one that's correct...
Sparta was at controlling helots, by murdering them, terrorizing them, brainwashing them and beating them into submission. When the Spartans dominance eroded and Greece fell to Rome, helots still did not get their freedom. Instead Of being slaves in Sparta, they became slaves in Rome
People act in their own best interests to secure their own wills.
Remember Hobbes thought people were bad...