Did you get these answers? I'm also curious. I think the first in Vandals, but idk about the second one.
Answer:
Explanation:
a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.
"the stigma of having gone to prison will always be with me"
They were able to unite because the Persian invasion of Greek mainland was a common threat for all, so they united to stop it. This was impossible before because Persia was not considered to be such a major threat.
Answer:
C. Created competition and other countries began to explore new lands
