<span>The juxtaglomerular cells near each kidney are stimulated to secrete the enzyme renin into the blood. Renin circulates throughout the body and converts angiotensinogen, made in the liver, into angiotensin I. In the lungs, angiotensin I is converted by hydrolysis to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate production of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the juxtaglomerular cells to increase sodium and water retention and to stimulate or depress further renin secretion, completing the feedback system that automatically readjusts homeostasis.</span>
Answer:
An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland: C. Graves' disease
Hyposecretion of growth hormone: Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of the pancreas: E. Diabetes mellitus
Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex: B. Addison's disease
Hypersecretion of growth hormone: A. Acromegaly
Explanation:
Growth hormone is the hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that targets the tissues such as muscles, bones, cartilage, liver, etc. and stimulates the somatic growth of the body. Its hypersecretion leads to acromegaly in adults while its hyposecretion causes dwarfism in children characterized by stunted growth. There is abnormal thickening of specific bones in acromegaly.
Pancreatic hormone insulin serves to lower down the blood glucose levels. Insulin deficiency causes diabetes mellitus characterized by higher blood glucose levels in the affected person.
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoid from adrenal cortex causes Addison's disease characterized by rapid weight loss, lower levels of glucose and sodium in plasma while a rise in potassium levels.
Grave's disease is an autoimmune disease wherein the thyroid gland is stimulated for increased secretion of thyroxine resulting in protruded eyeballs.
Answer:
Viruses: stay the same
Infected cells: Increase
Unaffected cells: decrease
Explanation:
