The answer is B. Metaphore
Here is why:
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
"“I had fallen through a trapdoor of depression,”
Beyond, among, behind or along with. "metacarpus" or "metaphysical" <span />
B, you can eliminate a and d and that leaves you with c and b so I just chose the one that matched the definition the best
Moderate means D- to take on a serious mode.
The writer used the word 'moderate' to make a comparison between those people who would lead a serious life without any excess with the group of people who would do whatever they wanted to fight against the Black Death.