The correct answer is letter A. Biosphere is not directly studied in one of the main branches of Earth/Space science. This is a branch of science that focuses on living organisms that are living in different populations or communities all over Earth. The other three choices directly study these branches of Sciences.
Global warming, loss of natural habitats, extinction of multiple species, etc
Rock transfers heat rapidly would be true.
There are a lot of volcanoes,mostly along the pacific ring of fire,mt Fuji in Japan,for example
https://www.reference.com/science/volcanoes-located-along-convergent-plate-boundaries-902a6027f2e299f1#
the link has got more example,you might want to check it out
hope it helps c:
C) the fighting of the Persian wars
hope this helps