Answer:
The correct answer is c.) The bystander effect
Explanation:
In social pshychology, The bystander effect is a claim that individuals when they are in group, or surrounded by many people are less likely to help a victim in a situation of need, the greater the number of bystanders the less likely it is that one will provide help. In this case, Mr. Hughes decided not to do something or to help the swimmer exactly becasue of this, he figured out one of the other bystanders would provide the help required by the swimmer, therefore his reaction reflects very clearly the Bystander Effect.
One disadvantage of the privately owned media is that is can be biased and it is not obliged to provide impartial (unbiased) information.
For example if the owner of the media has some opinion, he or she can force his or her workers to favour this opinion and to avoid mentioning the opposite side.
Human subjects in clinical trials, hope this helps :)
(an 18 year old died in a gene experiment, pennsylvania)
The culture groups in the far north hunt deer
Have a great night !