Answer: A - P.M. Grootes, K.M. Cuffey, and J.M. Bolzan, among others.
Explanation: Dr. Anandakrishnan collaborated and coauthored with all of the people listed above and has worked with many other people.
During the year 1994, Dr. Sridhar Anandakrishnan collaborated with Kurt M Cuffey, Richard B Alley, Pieter M Grootes and John M Bolzan on the topic 'Calibration of the δ18O isotopic paleothermometer for central Greenland, using borehole temperatures'
They calibrated the δ 18O paleo-thermometer for central Greenland using borehole temperatures, a thermal model forced by a measured δ 18O record and a formal inverse technique. The calibration is determined mostly by temperature fluctuations of the last several centuries, including the Little Ice Age.
Results are generally insensitive to model variables, including initial condition, basal boundary condition, parameterization of snow thermal properties, ice thickness and likely errors in temperature and isotope measurements. Results of this borehole calibration also seem to be in agreement with modern spatial gradients of δ 18O and temperature.
They suggest that calibrations of isotopic paleothermometers using borehole temperatures are a useful paleoclimate tool because they are independent of spatial gradients and include the effects of prehistoric temperatures.
Please find question attached
Answer and Explanation:
Example of j shaped curve is population that is doubling in size and exponential growth. in j shaped curve, population increases rapidly and exponentially and then stops suddenly to start decreasing when resources are limited
logistic growth and population whose size is approaching the carrying capacity of the environment are examples of S shaped curve. here population increases slowly and then rapidly before it becomes stable as approaching zero growth
Population size that a particular environment can support indefinitely without long-term damage to the environment and carrying capacity
is indicated by K . Here population is maximum and has reached saturation and will no longer increase
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic Oceans
1-choose any two points on the line.
2-draw a right-angled triangle with the line as hypotenuse.
3-use the scale on each axis to find the triangle's: vertical length.horizontal length.
4-work out the vertical length ÷ horizontal length.
5-the result is the gradient of the line.
