Removal of a client's peripheral intravenous catheter resulted in brief bleeding and the loss of a small amount of blood. Which
of the following processes occurred during the formation of the platelet plug that helped to stop blood flow? A)
Activation of factor X
B)
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
C)
Release of von Willebrand factor from the epithelium
D)
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin threads
C) Release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) from the endothelium, not the epithelium.
Explanation:
Hemostasis is the physiological process of reparation and maintenance of a blood vessel to stop excess loss of blood in case of vascular injury. This process occurs in four stages:
Vascular Injury i.e. a breach in the endothelial barrier. This results in the dislodge of endothelial cells, exposing the collagen fibers underneath.
Vascular constriction or vasoconstriction is the constriction of the blood vessels to prevent excessive blood loss.
Platelet plug formation involves the aggregation and adhesion of platelets to the endothelium.
Coagulation
Platelet plug formation occurs by the adhesion of circulating platelets to the collagen fibers that have been exposed by dislodging of the endothelial cells. The endothelium, as well as the platelets release a ligand known as the von Willebrand factor (vWF). This molecule acts as a relay or bridge between the integrin receptors on the platelets and the exposed collagen fibers.
Platelets also release chemicals to attract more platelets to the wound site, resulting in more vWF release. This results in more and more platelets adhering to the endothelium, leading to platelet plug formation.
Based on what Tristan is doing, he is most like the Golgi apparatus. This is an organelle that is found in almost all eukaryotic cells, and whose main responsibility is packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell which are later rerouted by the vesicles to their final destination. Which is almost exactly what Tristan is doing as he is preparing the gifts (proteins) and takes them to the post office (vesicles), which they will then take to the packages' final destination.