The European settlemeants of 1648which brought an end to 80 years of war between the Dutch and Spain plus the peace was negotiated in 1644 in the westphalian town of munster
It was a trigger that showed that there were two competing powers in Europe: Russia and Austria-Hungary (and their allies).
Franz Ferdinand was killed by a Serbian separatist and the Austrians wanted him to be punished. On the other hand, Russia supported Serbia is saying that Austrian demands ( to be allowed to search for the culprit inside Serbia) were too much.
This lead to a direct conflict between the two powers (Austria and Russia) and further lead to the war.
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National liberalism is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal policies and issues with ... custom unions, subsidies for infant industry or companies considered of national strategic importance and various forms of industrial planning
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The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, named after Christopher Columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, the Old World, and West Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. The impact was most severe in the Caribbean, where by 1600 Native American populations on most islands had plummeted by more than 99 percent. Across the Americas, populations fell by 50 percent to 95 percent by 1650. The disease component of the Columbian Exchange was decidedly one-sided.
