Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The same species would communicate with each other and work to secure prey for themselves—ensuring they can eat.
The work of Rachel Carson and the other ecologists has revealed the terrible consequences of the overuse of DDT. These ecologists worked at the ecosystem level of environmental interaction because they studied the depth of relationships between organisms and their environment.
An ecologist studies environmental problems and determines what causes them and how to improve the situations. In research, they gather data and analyze that for importance. Although, DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) was developed or invented as the first of the modern synthetic insecticides in 1940.
Hence, Rachel Carson and other ecologists found that overuse of DDT causes harm to the human liver and reproduction. As a result, humans face symptoms like vomiting, tremors, or shakiness. These problems were affecting the ecology and causing environmental disbalance. So those ecologists were working on the ecosystem level to solve the problem.
Learn more about DDT here
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The goal of cellular respiration is to produce carbon dioxide by using oxygen. The final product can be used later on for photosynthesis.
The second process requires carbon being put back into the process it used to be in, unlike when it was in any dead organism. Waste products are broken down through this never ending product. The main goal of decomposition through the carbon cycle is to free carbon through another process called cellular respiration.
Answer:
The DNA polymerase is the enzyme which copies in the direction of 5' to 3' in the leading strand and in case of lagging stand it is opposite. that is from the 3' to 5'.
Replication in the 3' to 5' takes place in the fragments which is laid by the Okazaki fragments. These small fragments are kept together by the help of the enzyme known as DNA Ligase. So, called as discontinues
Incase of leading strand, the strand is in the same direction of the for the process of replication (5' to 3'). So it is continuous.
Hence, the whole process is a combination of continuous and discontinuous DNA synthesis.
