Answer:
b. reducing molecules
Explanation:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (abbreviated NAD +, and also called diphosphopyridine nucleotide and Coenzyme I), is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, as it consists of two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups with a nucleotide that contains an adenosine ring and the other that contains nicotinamide.
In metabolism, NAD + participates in redox reactions (oxidoreduction), carrying electrons from one reaction to another.
Coenzyme, therefore, is found in two forms in cells: NAD + and NADH. NAD +, which is an oxidizing agent, accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced, forming NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD +. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, especially as a substrate for enzymes that add or remove chemical groups of proteins, in post-translational modifications. Due to the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in the metabolism of NAD + are targets for drug discovery.
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
ATP synthase is a transmembrane protein enzyme. It harnesses the potential energy –proton motive force- created by the development of a proton gradient across a membrane (could be across the intermembrane space in chloroplast and mitochondria). As the H+ ions 'drain' back and pass through their channels in the protein enzyme, the synthase is able to phosphorylate ADP and Pi to form ATP.
These ATPs (from photophosporylation) in light-dependent phase, are used in the catabolism of glucose, in the light-indepedent phase.
Answer:
Innate immunity you are born with.
Acquired immunity you need to work on over time
Explanation:
Poison ivy for example. Come people are born immune to it, while others have to be around it a lot, (agonizingly so), and they will build up immunity to it's poison.
Incomplete dominance produces a new heterozygous phenotype such as the purple color in this example
Answer:
The change is greatest for the solid ball
