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This scripture was cited at the end of Puritan John Winthrop's lecture or treatise, "A Model of Christian Charity" delivered on March 21, 1630 at Holyrood Church in Southampton before his first group of Massachusetts Bay colonists embarked on the ship Arbella to settle Boston.[2][3] Winthrop warned his fellow Puritans that their new community would be "as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us", meaning, if the Puritans failed to uphold their covenant with God, then their sins and errors would be exposed for all the world to see: "So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a byword through the world". Winthrop's lecture was forgotten for nearly two hundred years until the Massachusetts Historical Society published it in 1838. It remained an obscure reference for more than another century until Cold War era historians and political leaders made it relevant to their time, crediting Winthrop's text as the foundational document of the idea of American exceptionalism.[4]
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The Middle Ages at first was a period in which the opposite occurred: half of Europe went from being united under the Roman Empire, to becoming a plethora of small states, often at war with each other.
As the Middle Ages progressed, international trade and globalization began to flourish again. One empire that contributed to this was the Byzantine Empire. Another state (not necessarily an empire) was the Venice Republic, which had trade routes all over the Mediterranean, but also as far as the Middle East, India, and China, thanks to the Silk Road.
In modern times, globalization has taken way more force than in the Middle Ages. All countries of the world engage in international trade (even very closed-off countries like Cuba or North Korea), and this boosts globalization even more in a positive feedback loop that is ever accelerating. Globalization determines the economic decisions of individuals, firms, and governments, and its effects are difficult to predict, but tend to be positive, at least according to most economists.
The Bill of Rights was passed in England in 1689 as a part of the process during which William and Mary were made co-regents, so those are the monarchs that the English associate their Bill of Rights with.
Answer: DO U HAVE A POSTER?
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