Question

Would spinach leaves have a greater rate of photosynthesis in the bicarbonate solution you created or in atmospheric air? support your answer. • does the light-independent pathway of photosynthesis continue to occur when the leaf disks are placed in the dark environment? • write a short discussion describing trends in the data: compare the control cups (distilled water) versus the experimental cups (bicarbonate solution) and compare the light versus dark environments. • was your hypothesis supported or refuted? write a one-to-two sentence conclusion to summarize your experimental findings.

Answer 1

Explanation:

The spinach leaves would have a higher photosynthetic rate due to the additional carbon dioxide provided from the sodium bicarbonate solution. Sodium bicarbonate NaCO3, breaks down to release dissolved carbon dioxide gas. This is taken up by the leaf for photosynthesis which begins in the stroma. Here,chlorophyll, a specialized compound which facilitates the conversion of light energy to energy stored in carbohydrates in the process photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate-limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent.

Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

1. No, the light-independent pathway cannot occur when the discs are placed in the dark environment-this is because during the light dependent process then the products of light dependent reactions ATP and NADPH, along with several enzymes are used in the Calvin cycle which produces energy storage molecules like sugars/ carbohydrates and other organic molecules. Respiration, occurs at the same time,producing CO2 as a byproduct. However, this doesn't affect photosynthesis; plants are living organisms that need more energy for metabolic processes like the Calvin Cycle .
2. Photosynthesis occurs faster in the cops containing bicarbonate solution. This is due to the increased amount of carbon for use by the leaves in photosynthesis; the rates of reaction are higher in light environments because photosynthesis is a light-dependent process; the energy used and the light-dependent reactions produces ATP and NADPH which are then used to begin the Calvin cycle.
3. This supports the hypothesis, that the syringe containing sodium bicarbonate at higher light intensities would produce more floating disks due to higher rates of photosynthesis, which releases water and Oxygen gas as end products, causing the disks to float to the top. Conclusion:Thus at higher intensities of light, and in the pesence of sodium  bicarbonate i.e. light environments the rate of photosynthesis is also higher and  will occur faster; the Oxygen produced makes more leaf disks float.

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