I believe the answer would be the second option, this is because the text states that amazonencore has been publishing since 2009, which eliminates the other choices (the first uses the word 'now' claiming they 'now' publish books, the second is not stated in the passage, so it isnt important. The last option claims amazon went through 'conflicts' but it did not, in fact the kindle is an amazon product) If you have any questions, dont hesitate to ask! I hope this helped!
The main mechanism by which this might have or could have happened is through increases in the desire to increase monetary gain. Because the main driver of capitalism is an increase in sold goods when a country increases its land this inadvertently makes the country more likely to earn more money through opening companies.
