If you mean what reason the parliament gave. The reason was they said the colonists should help pay for the French and Indian War.
1. The Townshend Acts consisted of several acts that were passed down in 1767 that introduced the passing and trading of an inventory of goods and supplies such as glass, paints, and tea into the colonies.
2. The Stamp Act - passed down in 1765, the Stamp Act's cause was directed toward funding of military defense, to get funds for this the British had given a tax. This tax forced the colonists to pay newspaper and paper prints, including licences and legal documents.
3. Declaratory Acts- 1766- was the time that the Stamp Act as removed only to give permission of law handling to harsh hands, this act allowed the British Parliament within the colonies to make, change, reform, or remove laws that every colonist must obey.
4. Proclamation Act- 1763- As the British advanced and acquired much of French territory toward the end of the war, this act simply commanded colonists to remain on their side of the Appalachian Mountains, any settlements or travels to the mountains was forbidden until the act was lifted upon the war's end.
5. Sugar Act- 1764- This act is a well known one for good reason, it weighed heavy on merchants and farmers forcing them to pay a good portion of their earnings as taxes for selling their goods.
6. Writs of Assistance- 1760- This was a law passed down to allow officials, soldiers, and organization(company) owners to search ship, building, or cart for smuggled and/or forbidden goods and supplies.
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The natural barriers around the Fertile Crescent are the deserts and the mountains.
The people that migrated in the Fertile Crescent, in what is known as Mesopotamia, moved in there because it was the only place that had nice conditions for living and prosper. The Mesopotamia region was between two very big rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. These two rivers were flooding each year and creating a new very fertile soil, which allowed the people to be engaged in agriculture and have a stable food source, and also to have a stable fresh water source.
On the other hand, the deserts and the mountains, were not providing these condition. The deserts are too dry, there's not enough food and water, and life is extremely hard and has to be in a nomadic style. The mountains are very restrictive in what they offer and in how big of a part of the year. While the summers might be good and provide nice living conditions, the winters are very cruel and can bring death very easily.
