The answer to your question is c
b. The Pardoner is so greedy that he tries to extract money even from people who know his tricks.
There was a number of reasons. The articles of confederation didn't enable the central government to collect taxes. There was no National court to solve international conflicts. And many states took advantage of a missing strong leading figure in the form of a president. The Articles of Confederation was week due to giving too much power to the central government.
The world would be so dark at night.
The Transatlantic Slave Trade started shortly after the year 1500. The first documented case of slavery dates back to Juan de Córdoba, a Spaniard, who brought one African Slave to the Americas with the permission of his Spanish Crown. The first country to send slaves to the Americas seems to be thus Spain, only a few years after the discovery of America.