Being a member of the laboring classes made people more prone to criminal behavior. The term slum means. a crowded area with run-down housing and high poverty.
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Labor unions fought for reasonable working hours, safe working environment, and, better wages. Child labor was also stopped at that time and improved health benefits for injured or retired workers.
True, Robert Smalls was born into slavery in South Carolina and was hired out to work on steamboats as a youth. He was born an African-American slave, and during and after the Civil War became a ship's pilot, sea captain, as well as a politician. He freed himself, his family and other slaves and convinced Lincoln to let African-American soldiers fight during the war.
It was to pay down their war debts from fighting the French in the Seven Years' War.