I believe the answer is: <span>an illusory correlation
</span><span>an illusory correlation refers to a phenomenon of receiving variables to have a certain relationship between one another even though the relationship is not exist. Prejudice and amount of information that a person has would affect the formation of illusory correlation.</span>
A city-state is similar to a country with only one city in it. It can be considered as an independent country.
The fastener joined the metal with the clock.