Answer:
I = 62.5%
Explanation:
<u>Available data</u>:
- the wild-type DND1 gene confers resistance to attain viruses. Strains are susceptible to viruses
- The EDS1 gene confers resistance to powdery mildew, a type of fungal infection
- The genes are linked, eight map units apart on chromosome
- A third gene, IR 1. imparts resistance to certain lepidopteran leafminers and is 10 map units from EDS1 and 18 map units from DNDI
- The observed double crossover rate is 0.3%
According to this information, we can picture the position of each gene in the chromosome
---DND1----------------------EDS1-----------------------------------IR1---
║---------- 8MU---------║------------------10MU-------------║
║------------------------------18MU------------------------------║
The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.
1% of recombinations = 1 map unit = 1cM. The maximum recombination frequency is always 50%.
So, if we know the distances between genes, we know their recombination percentages.
- DND1-EDS1 = 8 MU = 8% recombination
- EDSI-IR1 = 10 MU = 10% recombination
To calculate interference, first, we need to know the coefficient of coincidence, CC.
CC= observed double recombinant frequency/expected double recombinant frequency
<em>Note: </em>
- observed double recombinant frequency=total number of observed double recombinant individuals/total number of individuals
- expected double recombinant frequency: recombination frequency in region I x recombination frequency in region II.
CC= (0.003)/(0.08 x 0.1)
CC=0.003/0.008
CC=0.375
CC = 37.5%
The coefficient of interference, I, is complementary with CC.
I = 1 - CC
I = 1 - 0.375
I = 0.625
I = 62.5%
Answer:
The shape of the energy pyramid shows that there is enough biomass energy contained in the primary producers at the bottom to support the predators at the top, even though energy is lost at each level.
Explanation:
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Renewable and nonrenewable resources.
46 for humans.
That’s 23 chromosomes from each parent.
Answer:
Climate change may aggravate erosion, decline in organic matter, salinization, soil biodiversity loss, landslides, desertification and flooding. The effect of climate change on soil carbon storage can be related to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, increased temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. Extreme precipitation events, fast melting of snow or ice, high river discharges and increased droughts are all climate-related events which influence soil degradation. Deforestation and other human activities (agriculture, skiing) also play a role. Saline soils are expected to increase in coastal areas as a result of salt water intrusion from the seaside because of rising sea levels and (periodically) low river discharges