1. Mountains, stone buildings, stairs/roofing.
2. The geography is mountainous. Very curvy looking, must have been quite a struggle to climb.
3. Pros: You have natural barriers, less invaders.
Cons: You have to travel far just to trade or hunt.
4. They must have been very peaceful and calm people, seeing how they were so isolated from society. Though, Greeks lived in mountains as well and were very brutal. I can’t infer too much about their life but I know that they probably didn’t like being attacked and would rather be away from danger.
I believe the answer you're looking for is temperature and precipitation.
Climate is based on the amount of rainfall (i.e. a rainforest) or the temperature (i.e. a tropical climate)
1. geologic time
2. stratum
You could have just googled these...
