There are 2 types of transport mechanisms that involve the movement of materials across the cellular membrane:
1. Passive Transport Mechanisms which is the movement of materials that does not require energy. Instead the movement relies on the permeability of the cell. Under this are three kinds of passive transport mechanisms:
a. Simple Diffusion:
- the movement of materials from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. No external energy is necessary for the movement. The materials supply the energy themselves.
b. Facilitated Diffusion:
- This differs from simple diffusion because the movement is facilitated by proteins that make up the structure of the membrane. The proteins include channel proteins that allow ions and smaller molecules to cross the membrane. The other protein are the carrier proteins, which bind to materials like sugar molecules and move it across the membrane.
c. Osmosis:
- This is the diffusion of water across the membrane. Osmosis moves water from regions where there are more water molecules of water per volume to regions where there are less water molecules per volume.
2. Active transport on the other hand is a movement mechanism that requires energy. It uses the energy to send materials against the direction it is coming from through simple diffusion. This mechanism is used in a way to keep unwanted ions or other materials out of the cell.
Auxin, which is produced by the apical bud, encourages the growth of apical buds while inhibiting the growth of lateral buds that are located lower on the stem, toward the axillary bud.
<h3>
What does a shoot's apical bud produce?</h3>
Auxin, a hormone produced by the apical bud, travels via the plant's circulatory system (phloem) down the stem and prevents axillary buds from expanding, which would otherwise result in the production of additional side shoots from the plant cells.
<h3>What function does auxin serve?</h3>
Auxin plays a crucial role in controlling plant growth and development by regulating embryonic development, root and stem tropisms, apical dominance,and the transition to blooming..
<h3>What are the four roles that auxins play?</h3>
- Its primary uses are to stimulate shoot growth in culture and to enhance lateral and accidental shoot growth.
- aids in overcoming auxin-induced apical dominance.
- encourage the development of leaves' chloroplasts.
- encourages the mobilization of nutrients and delays leaf senescence.
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I’m not to sure about this
Sequential cleavage from the non-reducing terminals of glucose molecules is required for both glycogen degradation and polysaccharides hydrolysis.
Why non-reducing end is selected for digestion?
A polysaccharide's non-reducing end is the one where an anomeric carbon participates in the glycosidic connection. The elimination of carbohydrate remnants one at a time out from the non-reducing terminal occurs during glycogenolysis and polysaccharides hydrolysis.
- For example, several enzymes are involved in glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle.
- An example of such an enzyme is glycogen phosphorylase, which catalyzes the successive dissociation of the alpha 1->4 glycosidic bond that connects two glucose molecules at a non-reducing terminal of glycogen. The last glucose residue is eliminated as alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
That is why non-reducing end of glucose is chosen for digestion or breakdown of the carbohydrate polymer.
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1. 2
2. 34
3. 34
4. 2
Explanation:
2
34
34
2
