Answer:
Option b. a net operating loss occurs. 
Explanation:
contribution margin is simply known to be that portion of sales revenue that is yet to be consumed by variable costs and so is an addition to covering the fixed costs. The higher the contribution margin ratio, the more smaller or fewer the units that will need to be manufactured to become profitable. In short, it is sales revenue minus fixed expenses. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
<span>If the investment accelerator from an increase in government purchases is larger than the crowding out effect, then the multiplier is probably greater than one. The crowding out effect within economics is defined as a theory that when public sector spending rises, it can drive down or eliminate private sector </span>spending. Public sector spending is government spending whereas private sector spending is for-profit businesses that aren't owned or operated by the government. 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The University of Dental Health (UDH)
Functions                                           Type of Center
Accounting                                         Cost Center
Bookstore                                           Profit Center
Cafeterias                                           Profit Center
Career services                                  Cost Center
Community workshops                      Profit Center
 (providing
 continuing professional
 education necessary for
 state licensure)
Custodial services                              Cost Center
Financial aid                                        Cost Center
Human resources                              Cost Center
Information technology                     Cost Center
Residence halls                                  Profit Center
Student parking lots (fee based)      Profit Center
University newspaper/radio station Cost Center
Explanation:
The UDH's cost center is a department or function that does not directly contribute to its profitability but costs it money to operate its activities. A profit center, on the other hand, directly contributes to the University's profitability by generating revenue through its activities.  Please, note that the dividing line is thin.  The determinant factor depends on the choices and efforts made by an organization's management to commercialize some of its internal services.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Budgeting allows management to decentralize responsibility while yet maintaining control over the company. It quickly uncovers organizational flaws, inefficiencies, and deviations that may be addressed in order to reach a desired goal.