In this excerpt, the speaker tells us that everything that he had previously been interested in suddenly became horrible to him. It is likely that the work the speaker was engaging in stopped being interesting or enjoyable for him. Moreover, he states that he began to feel as if nothing would or could ever be known. Therefore, it seems that the source of his frustration is that the speaker wanted to find out the truth of something, but now believes that it cannot be known.
This passage shows that Frankenstein is astonished and impressed of his creation ( the monster). It also portrays the fact that he feels proud and happy.