Answer: B
because it explains more and it’s the correct one
I would probably say d because Intraspecific competition is an interaction in population ecology, whereby members of the same species compete for limited resources. This leads to a reduction in fitness for both individuals, but the more fit individual survives and is able to reproduce.
A constant is something that is kept the same throughout the course of a experiment. So I would guess C) because they are not doing anything special. If it’s not C then it is A. :)