The answers of you following questions are the following and please, if you don't mind, don't put to many question in a post because everyone might consider it as difficult to answer because it is too confusing.
#1 Hutton and Lyell
#2 Malthus
#3 Traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed down to its offspring.
#4 <span>Darwin concluded that if humans could influence and offsprings trait, so could nature</span>
Since it dominant over white flowers the answer is a.
